Ethical preferences of Autonomous Vehicles - MIT Survey results - Moral Machine Experiment

A massive new survey called 'The Moral Machine Experiment (click here to read details)' developed by MIT researchers reveals some distinct global preferences concerning the ethics of autonomous vehicles, as well as some regional variations in those preferences.

Here is the generic summary:


Credit:
WeForum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-should-autonomous-vehicles-be-programmed

Jack Ma's Words of Wisdom on Product, Competition, Leadership, Priorities, Failure, etc.

Leadership:
"Intelligent people need a fool to lead them.
When the team’s all a bunch of scientists, it is best to have a peasant lead the way.
His way of thinking is different.
It’s easier to win if you have people seeing things from different perspectives."

Perseverance:
“Today is hard, tomorrow is harder, but the day after tomorrow is beautiful.”

Failure:
“If you don’t give up, you still have a chance.
Giving up is the greatest failure.”

On fighting eBay’s efforts to enter China:
“EBay may be a shark in the ocean, but I am a crocodile in the Yangtze River.
If we fight in the ocean, we lose.
But if we fight in the river, we win.”

Management Priorities:
“Customer first.
Employees second.
Shareholders third.”

Distraction of rivals:
“Do not focus on your competitors.
Focus on your customers.”

People:
“We’re never in lack of money.
We lack people with dreams who can die for those dreams.”

On China’s internet controls and Western companies involvement:
“Facebook and these companies, if they come here they have to follow the rules and laws.
Google, they left – we did not kick them out.
When you do business in any country you have to follow the rules and laws.”

On philanthropic strategy:
“To do philanthropy well, you need to use commercial means, while bearing a philanthropic heart; don’t use philanthropic means and bear a commercial heart.”

Jack Ma Yun (Chinese: 马云) is a Chinese business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the co-founder and executive chairman of the Alibaba Group, a multinational technology conglomerate. As of August 2018, he is one of China's richest men with a net worth of US$38.6 billion, as well as one of the wealthiest people in the world. On 10 September 2018 he announced that he will step down as executive chairman of Alibaba Group Holding in the coming year.


Credit:
Bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-09/jack-ma-on-management-why-a-fool-needs-to-lead-smart-people

How Xiaomi became India's top Smartphone Maker - Manu Jain interview

An year back I wrote a post about how Xiaomi became India's top Smartphone Maker (click here to read it..)

In the following post, I attach the interview of Manu Jain (India Head, Xiaomi) who talks about this and many more business strategies that he has applied to take Xiaomi to the top slot in Indian market.


Credit:
Economic Times

Google’s AI NLG technology “Smart Compose” will not suggest gender-based pronouns

Google in May introduced a feature for Gmail that automatically completes sentences for users as they type.

Tap out “I love” and Gmail might propose “you” or “it.”

But users are out of luck if the object of their affection is “him” or “her.”

Google’s “Smart Compose” technology will not suggest gender-based pronouns because the risk is too high that it might predict someone’s sex or gender identity incorrectly and offend users. Google's team discovered this problem in Jan when a person typed “I am meeting an investor next week,” and Google suggested a possible follow-up question: “Do you want to meet him?” instead of “her.” Consumers have become accustomed to embarrassing gaffes from autocorrect on smartphones but Google's team refuses to take chances at a time when gender issues are reshaping politics and society, and critics are scrutinizing potential biases in artificial intelligence like never before. “Not all ‘screw ups’ are equal,” Google's team said. Gender is a “a big, big thing” to get wrong.

What is Smart Compose?
Smart Compose is an example of what AI developers call natural language generation (NLG), in which computers learn to write sentences by studying patterns and relationships between words in literature, emails and web pages. A system shown billions of human sentences becomes adept at completing common phrases.

Numbers?
Gmail has 1.5 billion users, and Smart Compose assists on 11% of messages worldwide sent from Gmail.

Why did the gender bias in Smart Compose even occur?
Men have long dominated fields such as finance and science, for example, so the technology would conclude from the data that an investor or engineer is “he” or “him.” The issue trips up nearly every major tech company.



Credit:
Reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-google-ai-gender/fearful-of-bias-google-blocks-gender-based-pronouns-from-new-ai-tool-idUSKCN1NW0EF

How should a Product Manager start his Day

Product Management discipline gives tremendous powers to a Product Manager.

But as we all know, it is a well-known fact that:

With Great Power comes Great Responsibilities!
- Marvel Universe

So, to ensure that these great responsibilities are met, a PM should discipline his daily routine.

As part of this discipline, a PM should ideally daily start his day with studying & understanding these 3 things:

1. Numbers:

  • See your internal dashboards for product analytics
  • Point out any sudden spikes (upwards or downwards)

2. Customers:

  • Analyze customer feedbacks (complaints or queries or feedbacks)
  • Read what customers are saying about your products on social media
  • Speak to few customers and take their feedbacks (at-least once a week)
  • Meet a few customers and do user research for existing products or futuristic ideas (at-least once a fortnight)

3. Market:

  • Read what's new is happening in the tech world - technologies & innovations
  • Read what your competitors are doing
  • Read what news-media is saying about your products and your company
  • Read what changes are predicted in your product-domain
  • Read what state's & nation's government is doing; or is planning to do; in your product-domain

what on earth is Growth Hacking and why is it so important for internet companies

A growth hacker is a person whose true north is growth.
– Sean Ellis
(Founder/CEO of Qualaroo and ordained Godfather of Growth Hacking,)

Isn't a GH a Marketer?
Isn't a GH a Product guy?
No!

A Growth hacker is a hybrid of Marketer, Product Manager, IT/CS Engineer, and an Analytics guy who based on data and endless tests, uses different marketing and product approaches to grow his business rapidly.

Unlike a Marketer who comes in the product show around the time when the product is launch-ready, the Growth guy on-boards the product journey as soon as it starts to get ideated - Growth Hacker focuses on understanding users and how they will discover, adopt, and engage with the product, and then builds features accordingly. If a startup is pre-product/market fit, growth hackers can make sure virality is embedded at the core of a product. After product/market fit, they can help run up the score on what’s already working.

Before the Growth Hack era, the discipline of marketing relied on the only communication channels that could reach 10s of millions of people – newspaper, TV, conferences, and channels like retail stores. To talk to these communication channels, you used people – advertising agencies, PR, keynote speeches, and business development. Today, when the traditional communication channels are fragmented and passe, the fastest way to spread your product is by distributing it on a platform using APIs (Business development is now API-centric, not people-centric).

Whereas the web in 1995 consisted of a mere 16 million users on dialup, today over 2 billion people access the internet. Now it’s possible for new products to go from zero to 10s of Millions users in just a few years. New products with incredible traction emerge every week. These products, with millions of users, are built on top of new, open super-viral communication platforms; which give you direct access to a bigger market that allows you to grow at super-sonic speed; that in turn have hundreds of millions of users – Facebook and Apple and Google in particular.

Both Digital Marketing & Growth Hacking have 3 core principles: experimentation, creativity, & measurement. Both also share the same 3 core metrics: increased engagement, increased conversion, increased retention. 

The only difference between a Digital Marketer & a Growth Hacker  is that the former one can have broad goals like Brand-Awareness while the later one only has 1 specific goal of Growth. ” but answers it using A/B tests, landing pages, viral factor, email deliverability, and Open Graph - And on top of this, they use the fundamentals of direct marketing, with its emphasis on quantitative measurement, scenario modeling via spreadsheets, and a lot of database queries.


___________________________________________________
Following are few notable examples of growth hacking in the Product industry:

1. Hotmail‘s “Get Free Email” Signature Link
Hotmail added phrases like “Get Free Email with Hotmail” to the bottom of every email sent through their service. This was a move recommended by the company’s very first investor, and it wound up igniting word of mouth around the product at a time when email and the Internet were just gaining widespread commercial recognition.

2. YouTube‘s Embed Feature
One of the reasons why YouTube was able to spread around the web so quickly was its embed feature introduced in 2005, which has gone down as one of the most popular growth hacks of all time. This simple hack made it possible for users to embed any YouTube video onto any web page with a few clicks and a simple copy and paste of an automatically generated embed code.

3. Spotify‘s Facebook Integration
In 2011, Spotify pulled a landmark growth hack by partnering with Facebook to become the social megasite’s default music service. The company has since attracted more than 50 million users, more than 25 percent of whom are paying for the premium version of the service.

4. LinkedIn‘s Public Profile Feature
LinkedIn was able to become the most popular professional social networking site by using the concept of peer pressure and transparency to coerce users into inviting and interacting with their coworkers, former employers, and clients in order to have a more complete and convincing public profile.

5. Dropbox Gives Extra Storage for Referrals
After determining that paid advertising was costing more than the value of each new customer, Dropbox hacked growth by offering 500MB of free storage for every referral. As a result, the company went from having about 100,000 users to having more than 4 million in about 15 months.

6. Facebook‘s Initial Exclusivity
While Facebook has been the platform of choice for many growth hackers, it is worth noting that the social site used a few nifty tricks of its own to get ahead in the beginning, including starting out as a closed network that was only available to college students. This perceived exclusivity helped to generate a sizable following of students that desperately yearned to be “part of the club.”

7. Airbnb‘s Post to Craigslist Feature

In a brilliant move, Airbnb made it possible for users to post their rentals directly to Craigslist from the Airbnb website with a “Post to Craigslist” feature.

___________________________________________________
Some common Hacks

The Content Skyscraper Method
Some growth hacks don’t involve coding at all and are instead based on adjustments in content strategy. The content skyscraper technique revolves around the principle that “most people don’t want to know about the second-tallest skyscraper, they’re only interested in the tallest.” With this technique, you find an incredible piece of content (a guide, tutorial, resource) in your niche and treat it as the “skyscraper” you’re trying to outdo. Then simply expound and improve upon it to make your new skyscraper even taller, thus ensuring that your content piece is positioned to become the most authoritative on that topic.

YouTube Video Ads
You’re about to watch a video on YouTube when suddenly an ad starts playing and it sidetracks you because, surprisingly, it’s just as interesting as the video you were about to watch. Next thing you know you’ve discovered a whole new product, event, YouTube channel, or brand. This is a common scenario on YouTube and it’s one of the keys to the site’s success as an advertising platform.

Remarketing with Facebook Ads
Facebook ads are already a great way to appeal to targeted audiences based on a wide range of criteria. One way to further fine-tune your campaign and improve conversion rate is to remarket your Facebook ads to users who have already visited your website. Taking this follow-up based approach ensures that you’re making the most out of all potential leads who have previously expressed interest in your ad content.

Offer Something for Free
People love free, which is why giving something away to new users is a quick and easy way to increase your fan base. Take a business like Hotmail for example. When Hotmail launched its browser-based email service in 1996, it leveraged a free account to entice its existing 20,000 users to sign up. The company used the tagline “Get Your Free Email at Hotmail” at the end of each existing user’s outgoing mail to help spread the word, and soon after the campaign, Hotmail’s user base climbed to an astronomical 1 million users in the first six months.

Set Up a Referral Program
There are a handful of companies that take advantage of a referral program to grow their business, and for one reason: it works! Businesses ranging in form and function from local yoga classes to the online storage startup Dropbox have used referral programs in the past, and to much success. When Dropbox was in its earliest days, for example, it offered upgraded storage amounts to each referral party pending their sign up with the service. Once both users signed up for Dropbox, they received an extra 500MB of storage, free of charge. Just by offering this, Dropbox’s user base went from 100,000 to over 4 million in just 15 months.

Go with Exclusivity
People always want to feel like they’re a part of something that’s special, which is why exclusive invitations or offers work extraordinarily well as growth hacking strategy. Look at Pinterest, for example. When Pinterest was first getting started, it was invitation-only, but allowed users to request an invitation if they wanted to join. After requesting an invitation, Pinterest sent out an email to prospective users explaining that the waiting list was quite long, but that eventually, they would be accepted to join. This helped the budding social network generate buzz and made users feel like they needed to be a part of the brand. From August 2010 to October 2013, Pinterest grew from 100,00 users to over 70 million, proving that exclusivity is an incredibly effective way to drive growth.

Try Platform Hacking
Capitalizing on the success of another platform or business is a great way to grow your own. Try to find a way to work with other relevant platforms, businesses, products, or services. That’s one way that YouTube got so big, so quickly. In 2005, YouTube looked to “platform hack” MySpace and tap into their growing user base and gain more views and users for themselves and guess what; it worked. At the time, MySpace had 25 million unique users and was at the top of the social media totem pole, but sharing videos was a huge pain point, both for their users and their advertisers. So, YouTube set out to solve that problem by allowing MySpace to embed their videos without having to pay for the service. YouTube took on the costs of hosting in exchange for increased brand recognition and ended up winning out. Today, YouTube enjoys traffic from over one billion users and is without a doubt one of the largest, most successful startups of our time.

___________________________________________________
Growth hacking process in steps:
  1. Generating ideas (everything that can help to increase growth),
  2. Organizing (estimating potential impact and resources required),
  3. Testing (working in quick iterations, testing everything they can),
  4. Analyzing (comparing results to hypothesis and asking “why”),
  5. Optimizing (using learnings to correct processes),
  6. Repeat.
Andrew Chen - One of the best Growth guys in the Industry


Credit:
Blog.upgrowth.in/growth-hacking-tools-strategies-process-and-case-studies
Andrewchen.co/how-to-be-a-growth-hacker-an-airbnbcraigslist-case-study
Hackisition.com/the-100-golden-nuggets-of-growthhacker-tv
Hackisition.com/the-must-reads
Medium.com/thiken/why-is-growth-hacking-important-for-a-startup-9f2abeff0f73

Quora Partner Program

Quora.com recently launched 'QPP - Quora Partner Program'

Here is what it's all about (as per Quora's QPP's info page):

*******************************
1 - Add questions
2 - Help them get good answers
3 - Get paid as questions and answers become useful to others

Good question pages are fundamental to making Quora a great place for writers and for anyone who wants to better understand the world. The Quora Partner Program helps ensure that the most interesting and useful questions will always exist on Quora.

The program compensates participants for adding questions many people in the world may have. Partners can earn money from advertisements served on content that they help to generate.

First, a participant will add new questions to Quora. Then, they'll help ensure that their questions generate good answers for the benefit of future visitors to Quora who come seeking answers to those same questions. The most successful participants will add questions that become popular because many people are also seeking answers to them, or because the answers they generate are especially helpful or interesting.

Here are some tips to have the most success:

  • When adding a question, make sure it has no grammatical errors and has the most accurate topics tagged
  • Request answers from the most qualified writers directly
  • Add questions that don't already exist on Quora
  • Add questions that many people in the world might have
  • Monitor your questions and their answers over time to continually improve them
*******************************
Policies and Guidelines


The Quora Partner Program is set up to benefit the Quora community. Misusing any product or feature on Quora to improve your performance or harm others' experience is strictly forbidden. We've created policies and guidelines to give direction about what constitutes proper use of Quora as it relates to this program. Failure to comply with them may result in expulsion from the program.

Question Policy:
Write questions that are consistent with Quora's Acceptable Use Policy, including Quora's policies and guidelines for questions on Quora. Most notably:

  • Questions should abide by Quora's Be Nice, Be Respectful (BNBR) policy.
  • Questions should be clearly written.
  • Quora requires correct spelling, punctuation, grammar and capitalization to be used in questions. A question should consist of complete sentence(s) and end in a question mark.
  • Questions should be concise. As a general guideline, questions should generally be no longer than two sentences, and only one question should be asked at a time.

Topics: 
Add topics that are accurate and directly relevant for getting an expert answer to an open question (see: What are the policies and guidelines for selecting topics for a Quora question?).

Excluded Question Topics: 
For the Quora Partner Program, questions about Quora, the Quora Community, or Quora users (specific people who are not public figures) will be excluded.

Merging: 
Questions on Quora with substantially the same meaning get merged together as duplicates. If your question gets merged into another question, it is too similar to an existing question on Quora and will be excluded from the Quora Partner Program. Merging questions into a new question you've asked is also against policy (see: What's Quora's policy on merging questions?).

Secondary Accounts / Fraud: 
Having multiple accounts or coordinating votes or other forms of fraudulent engagement to benefit you or harm someone else is strictly forbidden (also see: Is sockpuppeting allowed on Quora? What happens to people who have multiple accounts?).

Reporting:
The inappropriate use of the reporting system in any way is not allowed. This includes targeting of other people or content; malicious reporting is a form of harassment, and is a violation of BNBR (see: What is Quora's "Be Nice, Be Respectful" policy?).

*******************************
FAQ

What are some tips on how to ask questions as a partner?
You can learn more on the Quora Partners Blog!

How much money can I make from the questions I ask?
There's no limit.

How and when will I be paid?

  • First, you need to connect a Stripe or Paypal account. If you are located in the U.S., you must use a Stripe account. If you are in a non-U.S., eligible country, you must use a Paypal account.
  • After you've done that, every month we'll total up the money you've earned and send it to you on the first Monday of the month.
  • Note that you have to have earned at least $10.00 to be paid.

How do I connect a Stripe or Paypal account?
Once you make $5.00, when you go to your partners dashboard, you'll be prompted to connect to Stripe or Paypal. Compensation for the Quora Partner Program will happen through Stripe or Paypal.

What do I do if I don't have a Stripe or Paypal account? Can you pay me a different way?
At this time, Stripe or Paypal is required for receiving payment.
If you are located in the U.S., you must use a Stripe account. If you are in a non-U.S., eligible country, you must use a Paypal account.

How can other people I know participate?
The program is invite-only at this time, but we intend to open it up to more people as time goes on.

How do you decide what to compensate for a question?
Questions are compensated based on the user engagement and advertising revenue they generate. After you ask a question, you will earn money on it for 1 year.

How do you decide what ads to show on what content?
Our ads will appear based on either the topic that the question is in or they will be targeted specifically to the user viewing the page based on their interests. Targeting users allows us to have questions and answers about everything in the world rather than just about specific topics that advertisers want to sell on.

Are all questions eligible to generate advertising revenue?
No; to best serve our advertisers, there are some categories of topics that we do not show ads on. Examples include adult content, content associated with violence, abuse, or terror, and other potentially controversial topics. You can read more about this here: What measures does Quora have in place to ensure brand safety for businesses?

What if I want to be taken out of the Quora Partner Program?
You may discontinue your participation in the Program at any time by notifying us in writing at partners@quora.com.

Where can I see how well my questions are doing?
Once you've agreed to the Quora Partner Program terms of service, you can check your Quora Partner Program dashboard by navigating to “Partner Program” under the “You” tab.

When do my earnings update on my dashboard?
Your dashboard should update by 10am Pacific Standard Time daily. It may update earlier, but will update by 10am PT at the latest.

Can I earn money from questions I ask anonymously?
No. We don't associate anonymous questions with your user account, so we can't compensate you for them as part of this program. For more information about anonymity on Quora, visit Quora's answer to How does anonymity on Quora work?

What do I do if I don't agree with a merge on one of my questions?
If you disagree with a merge, you should undo the merge by following the steps outlined here: How do I unmerge my question?. If you have more questions, you can email us at partners@quora.com.

What do I do if I don't agree with a Quora moderation decision on one of my questions?
If you disagree with a Quora moderation decision, you may appeal the decision through the typical Quora moderation appeals process. To appeal a decision, you can follow the steps here: Quora's answer to How do I appeal a Quora Moderation decision?

When do I need to have my Stripe or Paypal account set up to receive my first month's payout?
Questions will accrue money, but you will not receive payment until you connect your Stripe or
Paypal account. Once you connect your Stripe or Paypal account, and you have earned at least $10, you will be paid within 60 days.

Is there a limit to how many questions I can contribute to the Quora Partner Program?
There is no limit.

From which countries and in which languages can I participate in the Quora Partner Program?
You must live in a country where the Quora Partner Program is active; to view the current list, see this help center Q&A.

Who can I contact for additional information or other questions about the partner program?
Please email us at partners@quora.com!

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Happy to mention that I have been invited for the same :)


Find the MVP in the given User Experience Design Case Study Problem


I just met someone who is in dire need and she says “I need something that I can fill with liquid and drink from.”

I design 1.

But to understand a little more about this problem, I say, “Tell me more about this. What kind of things are you going to be drinking? Water? Milkshakes? Tea?”

“Well… I need it for drinking coffee.”

Now my product changes to 2.

I keep going. “How will you be using this? Just around the house? Or taking it with you when you walk the dog, perhaps?”

“Well… I need it for my hour long commute into work, so I’d like it to keep my coffee hot for a good while.”

Now my product becomes 3.

“OK… what about volume? Will one cup be enough for your commute? Should it hold more? An hour long commute is a pretty long time…”

“Now that you mention it… It should probably hold about 2 cups.”

I say, “OK I think I have enough to get started. Let me take some time to synthesize this into a prototype and get your feedback.” I return a few days later and present her with 4. And I say, “I think I’ve got a great solution for you. It’s a metal thermos that will keep your coffee hot for hours. It holds 2 cups and it’s also got an easy sip lid, good for using while driving. Just what you need, right?

“Well… I should have clarified. It has to be microwave safe. My Keurig has a tendency to make some lukewarm coffee so I like to microwave my coffee right before I leave.”

The problem just changed. It’s not terribly different but I have to think about my solution a little differently now, don’t I?  I show her 5. “How does this work? It’s ceramic and completely microwave safe. And I’ll tell you what, how about you take it for a test run in your car and see how it feels. Maybe we can get some deeper feedback that way.”

She returns from her test drive. I ask her how it went.

“Hmm… I forgot to mention that the cupholder in my car is a little small and this unfortunately doesn’t fit. Also my hands were slipping on the ceramic. I’m afraid I might drop it…”
Slight adjustments to the equation but we’re getting closer…

Enter 6. “Ok I made the shape taller and skinnier. I also added this rubber sleeve for extra grip.”

“Great! This is perfect! It’s just…” she responds.

“What…” I ask.

“I hate purple.” she says.

What happened there? Did we ever take a drastic turn away from the original equation? No, we refined our understanding of the problem and at the same time we refined our solution until the two were balanced…

We have our final product '7'

Which of the product from 1 to 7 would you say is the MVP in this case?


Credit:
Medium.com/teletracking-design/solve-for-x-1818099bdb9c

12 Principles of UX in Motion

Click to enlarge the image

Source:
Medium.com/ux-in-motion/creating-usability-with-motion-the-ux-in-motion-manifesto-a87a4584ddc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_basic_principles_of_animation
Medium.com/ux-in-motion/ui-animation-principles-disney-is-dead-8bf6c66207f9

What led to Binny Bansal's exit from Walmart-owned Flipkart

Binny Bansal, the Cofounder, Chairman, Group CEO of Flipkart resigned on 13th Nov 2018 amidst a flurry of conjecture over the allegations of improper conduct. His departure comes less than 6 months after Walmart Inc acquired majority ownership in Flipkart.

The allegations which led to the dramatic and unexpected resignation of Binny Bansal were initially made in 2016 by a former woman employee of Flipkart, said two sources familiar with the development. However, the charges could not be substantiated then, according to these sources.

At that time, Binny had just taken over as group CEO from cofounder Sachin Bansal, who had become executive chairman. In July 2018, the former employee approached Walmart Global which had announced acquisition of a 77% stake in Flipkart in May of that year.

The people quoted said she had written to Walmart CEO Doug McMillon alleging misconduct. Walmart and Flipkart then roped in an international law firm which looked into the matter, even as Walmart closed the Flipkart deal by mid-August.

The complainant worked in Flipkart and left the company in 2012, according to the sources. In 2016, she started an event management company and again came into contact with Binny Bansal, according to the sources cited. While investigating the issue, Walmart is said to have been irked by the fact that the matter was not disclosed by Binny Bansal during acquisition negotiations.

Further, the phrases “other lapses of judgement” and the “lack of transparency” in Walmart’s statement refer to the manner in which Binny Bansal dealt with the matter post 2016, when the initial allegation was made. In an email to employees, Binny Bansal, while strongly denying the allegations, acknowledged that the investigation “did bring to light lapses in judgement”.

Source:
TheHinduBusinessline.com/info-tech/binny-bansals-email-to-flipkart-employees/article25486976.ece
Economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/complaint-first-made-in-2016-employee-left-flipkart-in-2012/articleshow/66613338.cms

Binny Bansal’s Exit-Email to Flipkart employees

Binny Bansal, the Cofounder, Chairman, Group CEO of Flipkart resigned on 13th Nov 2018 amidst a flurry of conjecture over the allegations of improper conduct. His departure comes less than 6 months after Walmart Inc acquired majority ownership in Flipkart.

Below is the exit-mail that he sent to his employees:
_________________________________________________

Dear Flipkart Family,

Since co-founding Flipkart with modest resources in 2007, the journey we have embarked on together has been arduous and rewarding, culminating with the fantastic news of our partnership with Walmart earlier this year. They have been great partners and I am optimistic about our future together.

For some time, I have been mulling over the right time to step away from an operating role at Flipkart Group.

My plan was to continue in my current role for a few more quarters to continue the transition after closing the deal with Walmart. However, my decision to step down has been accelerated by certain personal events that have taken place in the recent past.

These events relate to a claim of serious personal misconduct made against me, which was uncorroborated after a thorough investigation completed by an independent law firm. The allegations left me stunned and I strongly deny them. The investigation, however, did bring to light lapses in judgment, particularly a lack of transparency, related to how I responded to the situation. These have been challenging times for my family and me. I am concerned that this may become a distraction for the company and the team. In light of these circumstances, I feel it is best to step away as Chairman and Group CEO.

I will continue to be a large shareholder in the company and will continue to serve as a member of the Board of Directors.

I am convinced that the company is in great hands with our experienced leaders - Kalyan, Ananth and Sameer. They have done an exceptional job running the businesses for many years now and with the support of Walmart that I have experienced, will continue to lead the company to even greater successes in the future.

Thank you for all the goodwill that you’ve shown towards me over the years. I’m grateful to have had the opportunity to help get us to where we are today. I look forward to seeing Flipkart scale greater heights in the coming years.

Thank you,

Binny.
_________________________________________________

Read the reason of Binny's exit here:
What led to Binny Bansal's exit from Walmart-owned Flipkart?

Source:
TheHinduBusinessline.com/info-tech/binny-bansals-email-to-flipkart-employees/article25486976.ece
Economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/complaint-first-made-in-2016-employee-left-flipkart-in-2012/articleshow/66613338.cms

what is 'Rest & Vest' in Silicon Valley & why is WhatsApp cofounder Jan Koum doing it

WhatsApp cofounder Jan Koum announced in 2018 Apr that he planned to leave Facebook (which bought his company for $19B billion in 2014).

He's already sold $7.1B billion worth of his Facebook shares.

But he's still showing up to the office to collect one last payday: $450 million in stock - This is called "Resting and Vesting" in Silicon Valley lingo.

"Rest & Vest"; an open secret in Silicon Valley; is a state that often refers to wealthy entrepreneurs and engineers with one foot out the door at big tech companies who are allowed to continue to be officially employed until they're able to collect stock and options in quarterly or annual increments. Usually, stock awards after a merger are distributed on a four-year vesting cliff — if you last all four years, you get your entire stock grant.

Koum's last vesting date is Nov 2018.
He showed up at Facebook's offices in Jul 2018, fulfilling a requirement of his employment contract.

Source:
Thisisinsider.com/whatsapp-founder-jan-koum-rest-and-vest-for-450-million-facebook-stock-2018-8?utm_source=quora&utm_medium=referral

Google plus - 4th 'Social Networking' Product Failure of Google after Buzz, Friend Connect, Orkut

Yet another Social Networking platform of Google is about get demolished. Google announced the closure of 'Google Plus (stylized as Google+)' in Oct 2018 (users will be allowed to download/migrate their information before it will be fully shut down in Aug 2019).

logo of Google Plus

This is the 4th Social Networking platform of Google that is about to bite the dust after Google Buzz (launched in 2010, retired in 2011), Google Friend Connect (launched in 2008, retired in Mar 2012), and Orkut (launched in 2004, retired in Sep 2014).

Google has cited 3 reasons for this closure:
1. Low user engagement
2. Difficulties in "creating and maintaining a successful Google+ that meets consumers’ expectations."
3. Google also acknowledged a design flaw in an API that potentially exposed private user data. Google said it found no evidence that "any developer was aware of this bug, or abusing the API" nor that "any Profile data was misused." According to the Wall Street Journal, the data exposure was discovered in the spring of 2018 but not reported by the company due to fears of increased regulatory scrutiny.

What is Google Plus?
  • Social networking website.
  • Launched in Jun 2011 by Google.
  • Built by Vic Gundotra, Bradley Horowitz
  • Was supposed to be Google’s answer to Facebook - Suffice to say it didn’t turn out that way
  • To shut in Aug 2019

What are the numbers?
  • 90% of user sessions on the service last under 5 seconds
  • 34M Unique visitors per month
  • 395M Active user accounts
  • ~74% male audience
  • 72% audience is 35 or older
  • Is used by 40% of marketers as a social platform
  • U.S. users make up 55% of its audience
  • Visited by only 22% of online adults per month
  • Diehard user base that uses it frequently; as of 2015; is 16M
  • As of 2016, 91% of accounts were empty - meaning they were likely created either as spam accounts or just to access other Google services.

What's so special about it?
Upcoming...

How did it rise?
Upcoming...

Why did it fall?
Upcoming...

Click the link below to read Buzz's rise-&-fall story:

Click the link below to read Myspace's epic dawn-to-dusk saga:
https://saurabhkautilyagupta.blogspot.com/2016/12/myspace-social-network-product-fail.html

Click the link below to read about Google's many other product failures:
https://saurabhkautilyagupta.blogspot.com/2016/12/failed-google-products-lessons-learn.html


Sources:
Rakacreative.com/blog/social-media-marketing/what-is-google-plus-2018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%2B

Epic Marketing amid Epic Trolling - Netflix vs Zomato - amid 'Omnipresent' Radhika Apte

The internet audience finally decided to give a much-needed break to Anushka Sharma memes because of Radhika Apte - after she did 3 back2back releases this year (2018) with Netflix India: Lust Stories, Sacred Games, Ghoul

Radhika started getting trolled all over (see here) - BUT, the real action came in when Netflix tweeted the launch of a new movie 'Omnipresent' in which Radhika was supposed to play all the roles 'literally' - See the tweet here:

Which got followed by more trolls of course - See one here:


Zomato took the troll-action to a new level by; milking this opportunity - to its own marketing benefits; tweeted that its Paneer dishes are more 'Omnipresent' than Radhika - See the tweet here:


The 'killer' part was yet to come - And it came; which was totally unprecedented & mindblowing; when Netflix replied to Zomato's tweet proving Radhika is far more 'Omnipresent' than Zomato's Paneer dishes See the epic 'killer' tweet here:

Why Silicon Valley fears Margrethe Vestager (Europe’s Antitrust Enforcer)

Who is she?
Margrethe Vestager, a Danish politician, is perhaps the world’s most famous (or infamous, depending on where you stand) international regulatory celebrity, who is currently serving as the European Commissioner for Competition.

Known for aggressively pursuing big cases against Silicon Valley giants, she has been described as "the Rich World’s Most Powerful Trustbuster".

In her past 4 years she has investigated American tech firms, ordering them to pay billions of dollars in fines and back taxes.

Her rulings against Apple, Facebook, Google, Qualcomm have positioned the European Union, rather than Washington, as the world’s de facto Big Tech regulator.

In a rapidly expanding information economy, she believes the control of data is a new regulatory frontier. Her attention; right now; is on data privacy, and whether it is possible to regulate how technology companies share and profit from users’ personal information.

Till now, she not only concentrated on how a range of companies use, or abuse, their market dominance - but also emerged as a major voice of warning about the effect of tech firms on our habits, our privacy, our ability to make human connections and even democracy itself.

What is she currently up to?
She is about to investigate Apple’s planned acquisition of the music-identification app Shazam. What interests her about the transaction is not the amount of money at stake, but the amount of data. She is trying to solve this question: “What will happen when the data that Apple holds combines with the data from Shazam?”

How did it all start?
“Europe is acting to enforce antitrust laws where the U.S. is not,” said Jeremy Stoppelman, the chief executive of Yelp, who feels that American regulators dropped the ball when they decided not to pursue a case against Google in 2013 (Yelp is a longtime Google antagonist). “Ironically, many of the complainants in the E.U. antitrust case against Google are U.S. companies, pursuing justice in Europe precisely because the U.S., has not acted,” he said in an email.

What have been her recent activities?

[1]
In 2016, Ms. Vestager ordered Ireland to reclaim $15.5B in back taxes from Apple, saying that the company had illegally received a tax break that was not available to others. Apple has begun paying the money into an escrow account, but both the company and Ireland have appealed the decision. They say it ignores how much tax Apple has already paid to Ireland, misrepresents the tax rate the company is subject to there, and reflects either a willful misreading or an ignorance of tax law.

[2]
Last June, Vestager fined Google $2.8B, after concluding that it had unfairly used its search engine to favor its services over those of its rivals. It was the largest such penalty in the European Commission’s history, and more than double similar fines levied by the United States.

[3]
Last May, she fined Facebook $131M, after concluding that it had misled the European authorities about its acquisition of the messaging service WhatsApp. And in January, she fined the American chip maker Qualcomm €997 million, or about $1.2 billion, saying it had abused its market dominance to shut out competitors.

Are there more elephants in the room?
Other jurisdictions are following Europe’s regulatory lead.
Brazil, among other countries, has begun an antitrust case against Google, and one of the search giant’s Brazilian competitors said last summer that it would use the European arguments in its own lawsuit.
The state of Missouri opened an investigation into whether Google violated the state’s antitrust and consumer protection laws.

Image Credit: Wikipedia


Source:
NYtimes.com/2018/05/05/world/europe/margrethe-vestager-silicon-valley-data-privacy.html

Why did Steve Jobs told Indra Nooyi to be NOT NICE

Steve Jobs once told Indra Nooyi:
"Don't be too NICE. When you really don't get what you want and you really believe that's the right thing for the company it's okay to throw a temper tantrum [and] throw things around."

Nooyi later admitted that she learned to pound tables and raise her voice more than she ever had before. "It shows the passion that I have for what I'm doing," she said.

Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi; an Indian American business executive; will be stepping down as CEO of PepsiCo; the 2nd largest food & beverage business in the world by net revenue; in October 2018. She has been the Chief Executive Officer since 2006.


Source:
https://lnkd.in/faTPzZf

How Indra Nooyi grew PepsiCo in her 12 years as CEO

PepsiCo’s net revenue grew at an annualized rate of 5.5%, reaching $63.5 billion in 2017 while $79.4 billion was returned to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.

Let's see how she did it:

1.
In anticipation of a continued decline in demand for soda and junk food, especially in the developed world, Nooyi drove a shift in PepsiCo’s snacks and drinks business towards healthier items. As of 2017, “better-for-you” and “good-for-you” products, or healthier options, comprised 50% of the company’s sales, compared with 38% in 2006.

[1.1]
Drove acquisitions of health food brands such as Tropicana in 1998, Quaker Oats in 2000, Kevita - a probiotic drink maker - in 2016, Bare Snacks - a maker of fruit and vegetable snacks - announced in 2018,

[1.2]
Pledging to reduce obesity rates, she reduced the sizes of chips packets and soda bottles, culled salt, fat and sugar content and introduced diet brands as aspirational alternatives.

[1.3]
Launched Zero-sugar versions of the company’s staple soft-drink brands

[1.4]
Launched chips without artificial preservatives

[1.5]
Launched a number of healthier food options ranging from hummus to baked chips to cold-press juices and probiotic drinks.

2.
Successfully thwarted off an attempt in 2014 by Nelson Peltz, an activist investor, to split the company’s sluggish beverages and fast-growing snacks business and have them managed differently.

[2.1]
She argued that retaining both Pepsi and Frito Lay under one roof was vital to maintaining a competitive advantage over other food retailers, especially for cross-promotion opportunities.

[2.2]
The public argument over the split ended in 2016, when Peltz sold his $2 billion stake in the company. However, Nooyi’s departure could now see a renewed push by investors to divide the company.

3.
Made international expansion a priority.

[3.1]
Made company expand its distribution network and increase sales by targeting the middle classes in developing regions of the world like Asia and Africa.
[3.2]
Nearly 21% of PepsiCo’s net revenues came from Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and Latin America in 2017.

[3.3]
The company has established a strong foothold in India. In 2013, PepsiCo announced a plan to invest $5.5 billion in India by 2020, directly taking on Coke for the top spot in the country’s beverage market by doubling its manufacturing capacity.

4.
Drinks have gradually become less important to Pepsi as focus has shifted to healthy snacks, which command a higher premium than traditional snacks.

[4.1]
The Frito Lay unit has now grown to comprise of 46% of the company’s operating profit and around a quarter of its sales.

[4.2]
With brands like Doritos, Lays and Smartfood, the unit has become a global leader in the snacks category and command a 66% share of the domestic market. In fact, Frito Lay North America has fast become PepsiCo’s most valuable product segment. Around 90% of its sales come from brands that have the first or second position in their respective categories.

Nooyi


Sources:
Businessinsider.in/Heres-how-Indra-Nooyi-changed-PepsiCo-in-her-12-years-as-CEO/articleshow/65307441.cms

how to Create the Correct Chart

Following are some 'Best Practices' that you should use while creating the best chart for visualizing the data:
  • When using time:
    • Set it on the horizontal axis
    • Time should run from left to right
    • Do not skip values (time periods), even if there are no values
  • Remove clutter (any excess information, lines, colors, and text that does not add value)
  • Sort your data in ascending or descending order by the value, not alphabetically (to enable easier comparison)
  • Don’t use a legend if you have only one data category
  • Use labels directly on the line, column, bar, pie, etc., whenever possible, to avoid indirect look-up
  • When using monetary values in a long-term series, adjust for inflation
  • When using colors:
    • Don’t use more than 6 colors
    • For comparing the same value at different time periods, use the same color in a different intensity - from light to dark
    • For different categories, use different colors - The most widely used colors are black, white, red, green, blue, and yellow
    • Keep the same color palette or style for all charts in the series, and same axes and labels for similar charts to make your charts consistent and easy to compare
    • Check how your charts would look when printed out in grayscale. If you cannot distinguish color differences, you should change hue and saturation of colors
    • 10% of men have color deficiency - Use some tool like Vischeck to test your Chart - Best is to use the color palettes that are friendly to color-blind people
  • Don’t add too much information to a single chart - If necessary, split data in two charts, use highlighting, simplify colors, or change chart type
See a BAD chart here:

DEMO of removing clutter from a chart:

One good resource to select the best chart is the below strategy created by Dr. Andrew Abela:


Sources:
Eazybi.com
Extremepresentation.typepad.com
Designingforanalytics.com
Quora.com

Fast.Ai's Artificial Intelligence algorithm outperformed Google’s

Fast.Ai's Artificial Intelligence algorithm outperformed Google’s
AND That is truly Groundbreaking!!!

What is Fast.Ai?
Fast.ai is a small company; consisting of part-time students; (founded by Rachel Thomas) that runs free machine learning courses.

What did they do?
They created an Artificial Intelligence algorithm that outperforms a code by Google’s researchers.

How was the performance measured?
A benchmark called DAWNBench was used, that uses a common image classification task to track the speed of a deep learning algorithm per dollar of computing power.

Why is it profound?
Because till now it seemed as if only those with huge resources can do advanced AI research.

Is the elephant still in the room?
Matei Zaharia (DAWNBench's co-creator and Prof. at Stanford University) praises fast.ai but also notes that for many AI tasks large amounts of data and significant computing resources are still key.



Source:
https://lnkd.in/emRdp3e

Why did Binny Bansal & Sachin Bansal start Flipkart?

After graduating in CS (Computer Science) from the prestigious IITD (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi), working for Sarnoff Technologies, getting rejected at Google, working for Amazon, Binny decided to start something.

Binny & Sachin initially planned of launching a comparison shopping engine for eCommerce.

But when they were building it, they realized all the e-commerce companies back then were really bad.
None of the customers liked any of them.
There was no point in reviewing/comparing bad companies!

So, they thought:
Why not build a good e-commerce company!
That's how the Flipkart idea started.

Feeling PROUD!!! to have worked at both Flipkart & Jabong (acquired by Myntra, which is a Flipkart company. Flipkart also recently got acquired by Walmart)

Sources:
https://lnkd.in/esivFq8

https://lnkd.in/efQ7wnj

as a Product Guy, What should you DO, when You DO NOT Know

When a Product Manager doesn't know something, s/he should say:
"I don't know. But I'll find out".

A PM should never fake/pretend as if s/he knows!
And when I say 'never', I mean literally 'NEVER'.

Organisations should build a culture where Product Managers should feel safe to NOT know.

Companies should move from a "Know All" to a "Learn All" Product Culture.


Source:
https://lnkd.in/fvQgUzq

General Electric's ex-CEO Jack Welch defines 'True Leadership' & explains 'Roles of a Leader'

John Francis "Jack" Welch Jr.
An American retired business executive, author, & chemical engineer

He was chairman and CEO of GE (General Electric) during 1981-2001.

During his tenure at GE, the company's value rose 4000%.

In 2006, Welch's net worth was estimated at $720M.

When he retired from GE he received a severance payment of $417 million, the largest such payment in history.

Best Online Communities & Groups for UX & Product & Business discussions - Slack & Whatsapp

Whatsapp group:

Design Powerhouse
https://chat.whatsapp.com/invite/EPV9JM8BEShBF2zA5FuxGu
_________________________________________________________

Slack communities:

Get Started in UX Design
https://getstartedinuxdesign.slack.com/

UX Guide
https://uxguide.slack.com/

UX Mastery
https://uxmastery.slack.com/

Mind the Product
https://mindtheproduct.slack.com/

UX SP
https://uxsp.slack.com/

UX Design Community
https://uxdesigncommunity.slack.com/

Inbound.Org
https://inboundorg.slack.com/

Growmance
https://growmance.slack.com/

Product Marketing
https://relationshipmarketers.slack.com/

The Product Coalition
https://productcoalition.slack.com/

Bootstrap
https://getbootstrap.slack.com/

Startup Study Group
https://startupstudygroup.slack.com/

Content + UX
https://contet-ux.slack.com/

Online Geniuses
https://onlinegeniuses.slack.com/

Marketers Chat
https://marketer.slack.com/

Product Marketing Alliance
https://product-marketing-all.slack.com

Product School
https://product-school.slack.com/

Epic Events' Heads of X
https://epiceventsgroup.slack.com/

Best Online Communities & Groups for UX & Product & Business discussions - Facebook groups

Mixergy Premium
https://www.facebook.com/groups/1748351532109686/

Hackathon Hackers
https://www.facebook.com/groups/hackathonhackers/

Bots
https://www.facebook.com/groups/chatbot/

The Startup Chat Mastermind Group
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TheStartupChat/

The Product Group
https://www.facebook.com/groups/theproductgroup/

HH Product Management
https://www.facebook.com/groups/hhProductManagement/

The 7 Day Startup
https://www.facebook.com/groups/592264044218722/

London Statups
https://www.facebook.com/groups/LDNstartups/

How Larry Page pushed a young Sundar Pichai to make Google Chrome the top web browser in the world

When did it happen?
In 2008, current Google CEO Sundar Pichai was overseeing the launch of Chrome as part of his role as VP of Products where he worked closely with then-President of Products Larry Page.

What happened?
  • When Chrome launched, Pichai set a fairly ambitious goal to hit 20M WAU (weekly active users) within the year - But a hiccup led to a missed milestone.
  • Pichai then set another ambitious goal of 50M users for 2009 - But missed by 12 million. 
  • When Pichai set the next year's goal at 100M (10% of the world's one billion internet users at the time) having put in place safeguards like advertising, faster code, and distribution deals - Larry Page stepped in to say it wasn't enough - After discussions the two settled on an over-ambitious 111M users target by the end of 2010.

Why did Page say that?
Page has always been a strong believer of keeping the bar as high as possible.
Some of his famous quotes mirror his words:
  • "Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting"
  • "Have a healthy disregard for the impossible"
  • "Consistently achieving goals at a 100% success means you aren't trying hard enough"
  • "If you set a crazy, ambitious goal and miss it, you'll still achieve something remarkable"

What happened next?
  • The more-than-aggressive goal pushed the pair to think about what they could do differently. 
  • Google heightened awareness about Chrome via marketing tactics
  • Google increased distribution deals
  • Google launched Chrome on Apple's OS X platform and on Linux
  • A few weeks into Q4 of 2010 they hit their over-ambitious target

Larry (L) & Sundar (R)

Source:
Thisisinsider.com/larry-page-google-chrome-sundar-pichai-goals-2018-6

Product Manager's guide to AI vs Bot vs Web/Mobile strategy

AI
=
NLP (Natural Language Processing = Speech to Text and vice-versa) 
ML (Machine Learning = capability to learn from data and predict)
DL (Deep Learning = vision, image processing, etc.)


Questions you need to ask; as Product Owner/Manager/Head; before building AI:

1.
Whether your product should be Web-first or Mobile-first or Bot-first or AI-first
It is usually a decision you have to take based on your goals (for e.g. adoption, retention, CR, revenue, etc.)

2.
Which all capabilities - NLP or/& ML or/& DL - do we need to build in our product?
For example: 
Do we need NLP (api.ai, Amazon Lex, Pullstring, Lex etc. for building assistants like Alexa, Google ALLO etc.)?
Do we need ML (for eg. finding the right job for the right person, predicting patient’s diseases, predict house prices etc.)?
Do we need DL (for e.g. applying vision capabilities to cars to make self-driving cars or to slowly introduce smart features into cars)?

3.

Never suddenly introduce or remove AI one day and change it another day - it can lead to bad user experiences. So, plan AI, decide AI, develop AI, deploy AI, see user's feedback on AI, & then change/remove AI. Ideally, you should be able to retract AI features that aren’t working properly before everyone uses your apps.

4.
How much AI?
How much of your App will be AI-driven and how much will be manual or usual software?

5.
Decide whether introduction of AI will increase the number of steps or decrease the number of steps for a user?
Sometimes the value of what we are providing is very high, so even if we are increasing the number of steps, it’s ok.

6.
Think about the barriers that exist for users to use it (like: privacy, not personal, personalization for a certain demographic, cultures, etc)

7.
Think about hiring a person from humanities background - to build for people.

8.
You are always launching something new in AI (because the field is new), the incremental launches need to be cohesive.

9.
Always keep a “roll-back procedure” ready and a letter from the business' spokes-person also, in case there are potential disruptions because of the new experiments.

10.
You'll need a context for your AI features/products and it’s the hardest things for your software application to learn.
Spend a little bit of time writing down contexts and also write plans and flows to deal with each of them.

11.
What if your Machine learning engineer leaves in the middle of your startup? Can you afford to hire another one? Most universities in India have now started incorporating ML and AI in their Computer Science courses. Be sure that the demand of Engineers will be met!

12.
How should you price your AI applications?
You can pick various kinds of models. May be you will not charge for the software at all and only charge for the AI part of it or may be a combination of both or may be operate a completely different business model (such as the value of data as business model).

13.
How are you going to communicate toyour users about your new AI based feature(s)?
You don’t necessarily have to say it (Google and Amazon have used this for years. Amazon slowly introduced Alexa as a harmless addon in the beginning. It didn’t make a big deal about it, although Alexa might be Amazon’s biggest strategy in the coming years.)

14.
What are the key KPIs based on which you will evaluate the success of your AI?
How will you track the same?
What are the industry benchmarks?

Source:
Chatbotsmagazine.com/product-management-for-ai-startups-d738aebb8430